Category: Projects

Anything that could be a project of mine and is documented in this blog.

  • AI support in Coding

    For almost 4 years since ChatGPT we’re wondering more publicly how AI will change our future. I found the label “tool” appropriate since we can compare how other tools have changed society and human behaviour.

    Usually tools let us do things faster. Complex mathematical expressions can be calculated or solved with a calculator or more specific a CAS variant. I remember a challenge in Germany for high school math in the 2010s where a graduation test question in math was designed to require approximately 20 minutes. But a smart student asked if this could not simply be answered with the correct sequence of parameters on his Voyage 200 calculator, demanding only 1 minute? This solution had escaped the designers of the question. The calculator removed a known bottleneck of 20 minutes down to 1 minute, a 20x speed increase. But do graduation tests now finish faster? No, the time for tests stayed approximately the same in the decades of testing. Eventually we split the test in a tool-free and tool-assisted section. The second part has its unique challenges and would require an enourmous amount of time to solve without the tool, become virtually impossible. For this part you rely on the tool.

    Another example is the bicycle or car. It let’s us move between destinations much faster. But looking at historic data, the time spent going to work and home has plateaued many decades ago. With a fixed time each day the accessable area for work with our tool (the car) has become so large that it becomes a standard that can’t be accessed without the tool – which changes societies, how cities are build, what jobs are offered, what infrastructure will be designed. A change there will take a very long time, will be very expensive and therefore the reliance on the tool solidifies. You need a car.

    Writing code in 2023

    I remember asking LLMs to:

    Write a “hello world” in Java, Python and Rust.

    In my Advanced Automation class at SSIS my students used ChatGPT to write code in JavaScript for the p5.js implementation to improve their machine learning project. In this case it was a neural network for character detection, teaching the model new Spanish characters.

    Coding with LLM in 2024 – 42 lines

    I have a scattered image collection of more than 100,000 images that I try to organize. It requires a lot of extra efford and time. I used several Excel sheets over the years, and had some folder structure in place. Aspects of provenance, dublication and syncronisation became so time-consuming that I decided to write some python programs to handle this.

    On October 11th, 2024 I created the repository https://github.com/kreier/bilder for this task. The investigate.py is just 42 lines long, but it creates a few CSV files.

    One year later, October 14th, 2025 a new structure was proposed. But I had no time to implement it.

    Early 2026 – 94 and 122 lines

    In January 2026 I added ds216/update_summary.py with 94 lines and iCloud/investigate.py with 37 lines. Now it included a Excel file! And it even created an image:

    In February another file python/summary_folders/update_folder_summary.py with 122 lines was added. Claude.ai and Gemini and OpenAI ChatGPT provided the support.

    Then agentic coding became more popular. I approached this problem again in September:

    Agentic coding in September 2026 – no code for 8 hours

    I started a conversation with ChatGPT about my requirements of the kreier/bilder repository project. After two hours of audio input from me (my fastest: 150 wpm) and text feedback (also fastest for me – reading 250 wpm) we had some requirements established.

    Being home I tried to document our ideas and structures into the relevant files. Eventually we created:

    • AGENTS.md – 235 lines
    • CHANGELOG.md – 60 lines
    • CONTRIBUTIONG.md – 115 lines
    • SECURITY.md – 108 lines
    • docs/architecture.md – 1356 lines
    • docs/configuration.md – 277 lines
    • docs/current_plan.md – 85 lines
    • docs/data-model.md – 1944 lines
    • docs/vision.md – 273 lines

    Especially the data-model.md took about 4 hours of conversations with the AI until the first draft was created. Writing software does not start with the actual program, but the project definition an AI agent would understand. Which, in a way, is also a program – actually human-readable instructions and definitions. So we got

    4453 lines of Markdown in 8 hours

    And it did not stop there. The implementation in python and vite/typescript eventually lead to a conversation about the release of a docker package on ghcr.io in the future and automated update services on the machine running the docker container.

    The short conclusion: new tools might speed up bottlenecks, but the time spend on projects might stay constant. The requirements increase, the level of complexity. And it becomes very difficult to go back, it might only happen for education or entertainment.

  • One year later, is the diary ready?

    Exactly one year ago I was challenged with a diary that should also include experiences from the age of five. While I certainly lack notes from that early in my childhood, I actually have made some efford to document my life. Can I consolidate all the scattered information from websites, projects, paper copies, photo albums and apps like Instagram?

    Statistics:

    • Days covered: 660
    • Total entries: 1733
    • Total words: 470,112
    • Total reading time: 39h 11m

    The automatic scanning of my project websites is not yet finished. Maybe I should revisit this idea in one year. I hope by then I have the 4 stages defined, a web interface to manage the sources, and respective JSON files for each stage and each source. The idea is there, the implementation needs time.

    PKM Personal Knowledge Management

    That’s what Obsidian, Notion and Logseq are usully describe tools for. Since I worked with MarkDown since 2018 I decided to use Obsidian. Currently it has already 161 articles with 72,590 words. It would take 4h33 to read. Here is the graph:

    And if I highlight one article from this web it looks like:

    I’m curious what results I have next year.

  • DUV – VUV – EUV

    In recent years the industry related to computers and the internet has become a larger part of the economy and everyday life of humans. The computational parts are found in smartphones, cars, bank terminals, TVs, coffee machines and toasters. The smaller the structure, the more energy efficient it can be, the faster it can compute, the more integrated it can get.

    Light sources

    The smallest feature size is related to the light source used. One can get beyond the Rayleigh limit with multi-pattern, phase corrected images etc. But eventually one needs a shorter wavelength. The limit of DUV (deep ultra violet 193nm) was long known. Since the 1990s serious investigations have been made to go beyond. Eventually EUV (extreme ultra violet 13.5nm) emerged as the solution, and in 2026 the company ASML is the sole provider of light sources with this wavelength for large scale lithography to produce semiconductors. A “simple machine” costs easily 180,000,000 USD like the TWINSCAN NXE:3300B that first shipped 2013.

    And the high-NA rather approach 400 million USD. My AR65 machine 6 years earlier at the Humboldt university in Berlin was not that expensive. Here at BESSY:

    But I wondered what wavelength I was using to investigate my CdHgTe crystals. In the early 2000s we labeled our light as VUV (vacuum ultra violet) because for the energy used there is no window material available (6.2 to 124 eV, see my diploma thesis from 2008, page 19). We measured the energy in eV because the energy itself was more important. The conversion is easy:

    E=hvλE = \frac{hv}{\lambda}

    where:

    • c=2.99792458×108 m/sc = 2.99792458 \times 10^8\,\text{m/s} (speed of light).
    • h=6.62607015×10−34 J·s (Planck’s constant),

    With the Bessy Syncrotron I used the beam energy up to 125 eV, the respective wavelength is λ≈9.92nm\lambda \approx 9.92 nm is actually shorter than the 13.5 nm (92 eV) used by ASML

    But for most cases I needed less energy, the lower energy bands were more important for the optical and electronical properties of my narrow-gap semiconductor. Most measurements were actually done with the He I α line at 21.218 eV or 58.43 nm. That is significanly shorter than DUV, the shortest wavelength currently used for lithography in China with the Argon fluoride excimer laser ArF and 193 nm (6.42 eV). With immersion scanners (ArFi) one can achieve a high numerical aperture up to 1.35 and produce chips at nominal 7 nm. A great example of engineering achievements.

    NameSourceWavelengthPhoton energy
    VUVSyncrotron9.9 nm125 eV
    EUVSn13.5 nm91.8 eV
    VUVHe I α58.4 nm21.22 eV
    DUVArF193 nm6.42 eV

  • Reactivation 2025

    After years of contemplating I finally simplified my websites to just two sites: saiht.de and kreier.org. I found three different older WordPress installations, and combined them here into saiht.de/blog. And even though https encrypted subdomains work again, I keep it in the subfolder for the time being. Both at the same time does not work with PHP and WordPress. I’ll just use it for some static pages with relative folders or static link addresses.

    During the years 2008 to 2016 I was writing in German. Now in 2025 I finally switched to English. Maybe I will translate some of the older posts one day, and will have to adapt the tags. Time will tell. So far there are 93 posts here over the last 19 years:

    As of today, December 18th, 2025, this wordpress installation is live again. More statistics on notetaking, diaries and projects is about to follow. I currently use 23 subdomains at kreier.org: 7 related to projects, 2 to school and 3 to “Schule” – from the older hofkoh.de site. The saiht.de site has 27 subdomains, but more on that later.

  • AI und ML

    Von künstlicher Intelligenz (AI – artificial intelligence) wird schon seit Jahrzehnten geredet und geforscht. In letzter Zeit ist Machine learning ML dazugekommen und wird im Alltag fleißig eingesetzt.

    Allgemein muss man dazu aber entweder Entwickler bei Amazon, Google oder Apple sein – oder an einer Universität studieren. Modell entwickeln? Trainieren? Klingt speziell und braucht bestimmt viel Entwicklungszeit. Und spezielle Installationen (Ubuntu 16.04 oder 18.04, python 2.6 oder 3.4, CUDA, Darknet, Docker, KERAS und wie sie alle heißen) sind zu speziell für die meisten Benutzer.

    Eine einfache Lösung: Nutze doch deinen Browser! Seit etwa einem Jahr gibt es tensorflow.js als Javascript im Browser und das geht sowohl auf Laptop, Tablet und Smartphone. Versuchen wir mal eine Objekterkennung:

    Dank neuer RX470 mit 46 fps!

    Der passende link hierzu ist:

    https://storage.googleapis.com/tfjs-models/demos/posenet/camera.html

    Es funktioniert in Japan, Taiwan und Vietnam, mit vielen Personen im Bild, alten iPhones und neueren Samsungs. Die Bildwiederholrate ist nicht immer so toll, gibt aber einen Eindruck in die Möglichkeiten.

    Google I/O 2018 Vorstellung und Hintergrund zu TensorFlow.js
  • Sciencefair 2019

    Seit 1,5 Jahren arbeite ich jetzt an der AIS – American International School Vietnam – als Lehrer für Physik und Chemie in der Highschool (Klasse 9 bis 12). Seit einigen Jahren gibt es im Frühjahr eine Sciencefair, bei der die Schüler ihre Projekte der Öffentlichkeit vorstellen können.

    Um auch in Zukunft darüber zu berichten habe ich mir eine neue Domain zugelegt: https://stemfair.org . Da die einzelnen Exponate erst in letzter Sekunde fertiggestellt werden ist zur Zeit noch wenig Dokumentation vorhanden:

    So sollen die Projekte ausgestellt werden.

    Eine Übersicht für den 7. März 2019 gibt es hier:

    https://sites.google.com/ais.edu.vn/sciencefair2019

    Etwas mehr Details und Bilder sind von 2018 dokumentiert:

    https://sites.google.com/ais.edu.vn/sciencefair2018

    Unter den einzelnen Klassen gibt es weitere Details. Und da ich fast alle 10. Klassen letztes Jahr in Chemie unterrichtet habe, hat auch fast jedes Projekt eine Webseite zum Erreichten. Einfach auf der folgenden Seite etwas nach unten scrollen:

    https://sites.google.com/ais.edu.vn/sciencefair2018/grade-10

    Eindrücke von diesem Jahr werden in Kürze aktualisiert.

  • Ernährungsumstellung

    Dank meiner neuen Ernährungsweise habe ich einige Pfunde verloren. Besonders hilfreich war ein Hinweis von Carlos:

    img_1793

    Mit dieser Diät aus Venezuela habe ich schon 7 Kilo verloren und bin damit auf dem Wert, mit dem ich einst in Hofkoh ankam. Außerdem passt sie hervorragend zu meiner Vitaminallergie. Bis zu den alten Moskauer Werten ist es aber noch ein langer Weg.

  • Stirlingmotor

    Stirlingmotor

    Bei allen Energieumwandlungen entsteht Wärme (u.a. durch Reibung), die meist als Energie “verlorengeht”. Schön wäre es, diese Wärmeenergie irgendwie nutzbar zu machen. Von Zeit zu Zeit wird dann der 200 Jahre alte Stirlingmotor als Lösung vorgeschlagen. Jene Wärmekraftmaschine wandelt tatsächlich Wärme wieder in mechanische Energie um. Wie sie funktioniert? Entweder in Wikipedia nachlesen oder ein Modell in China für 16€ bestellen und selbst ausprobieren:

    Leider wird immer wieder der geringe Wirkungsgrad dieser Maschine vergessen. Eine kurze Kalkulation von Aufwand und Nutzen beendet meist jenen Gedankenausflug. Trotzdem werden wohl Fakten und Meinungen weiterhin schön durcheinandergeworfen werden. Ich finde mein Modell schön.

  • Lightpainting

    Lightpainting

    Eine Spiegelreflexkamera mit arretierbarem Fernauslöser bietet sich  zu Light-painting geradezu an. Ausreichend dunkel war es auch:

    IMGP2106

    So entstehen schnell Jedi’s mit ihren Laserschwertern:

    IMGP2107

    Auch das Klonen wird viel einfacher:

    (more…)

  • Globalisierung für Privatkunden

    Globalisierung für Privatkunden

    Ich sitze hier in Hverir, Island, in einem Café und denke über die Erweiterung meiner digitalen Spiegelreflexkamera durch einen Kabelfernauslöser nach.

    GlobalisationSchwups mit dem iPad das Internet durchsucht und einen Anbieter in China gefunden. Bestellt und über Luxemburg (PayPal) bezahlt wird es mir in ein paar Tagen nach Niedersachsen geliefert. So sehr ist die Welt mittlerweile zu einem Dorf zusammengewachsen.